Inclusive Approach Research Articles

Congestive Hepatopathy: Pathophysiology, Workup, and Imaging Findings with Pathologic Correlation.

Liver congestion is increasingly encountered in clinical practice and presents diagnostic pitfalls of which radiologists must be aware. The complex altered hemodynamics associated with liver congestion leads to diffuse parenchymal changes and the development of benign and malignant nodules. Distinguishing commonly encountered benign hypervascular lesions, such as focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)-like nodules, from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be challenging due to overlapping imaging features. FNH-like lesions enhance during the hepatic arterial phase and remain isoenhancing relative to the background liver parenchyma but infrequently appear to wash out at delayed phase imaging, similar to what might be seen with HCC. Heterogeneity, presence of an enhancing capsule, washout during the portal venous phase, intermediate signal intensity at T2-weighted imaging, restricted diffusion, and lack of uptake at hepatobiliary phase imaging point toward the diagnosis of HCC, although these features are not sensitive individually. It is important to emphasize that the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) algorithm cannot be applied in congested livers since major LI-RADS features lack specificity in distinguishing HCC from benign hypervascular lesions in this population. Also, the morphologic changes and increased liver stiffness caused by congestion make the imaging diagnosis of cirrhosis difficult. The authors discuss the complex liver macro- and microhemodynamics underlying liver congestion; propose a more inclusive approach to and conceptualization of liver congestion; describe the pathophysiology of liver congestion, hepatocellular injury, and the development of benign and malignant nodules; review the imaging findings and mimics of liver congestion and hypervascular lesions; and present a diagnostic algorithm for approaching hypervascular liver lesions. ©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.

Impact of exogenous brand crises on consumer behaviour

PurposeGlobal brands have become increasingly vulnerable to external disruptions that have negative spillover effects on consumers, business and brands. This research area has recently garnered interest post-pandemic yet remains fragmented. The purpose of this paper is to recognize the most impactful exogenous brand crisis (EBC) and its affective and behavioural impact on consumers.Design/methodology/approachIn Study 1, we applied repertory grid technique (RGT), photo elicitation method and ANOVA comparisons, to identify the most significant EBC, in terms of repercussions on consumer purchases. In Study 2, we performed collage construction and content analysis to ascertain the impact of the identified significant crisis (from Study 1) on consumer behaviour in terms of affective and behavioural changes.FindingsStudy 1 results reveal Spread-of-diseases and Natural disaster to be the most impactful EBC based on consumer’s purchase decisions. Study 2 findings uncover three distinct themes, namely, deviant demand, emotional upheaval and community bonding that throws light on the affective and behavioural changes in consumer behaviour during the two significant EBC events.Research limitations/implicationsThe collated results of the two studies draw insights towards understanding the largely unexplored conceptualisation of EBC from a multi-level (micro-meso-macro) perspective. The integrated framework drawn, highlight the roles and influences of different players in exogenous brand crisis management and suggests future research agendas based on theoretical underpinnings.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which identifies the most important EBC and explicates its profound impact on consumer purchase behaviour, providing critical insights to brand managers and practitioners to take an inclusive approach towards exogenous crises.

No “cookie cutter rules”: best practice for social care staff in supporting autistic adults with relationships and sexuality

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the support needs surrounding intimate relationships and sexuality of autistic adults accessing funded social care in England. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews with 15 autistic adults who were accessing funded social care examined their support needs surrounding intimate relationships and sexuality, with subsequent data analysis using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings Four themes were generated: Help at hand, but not too close for comfort, No “cookie-cutter rules”: personalised, inclusive approaches, Playing it safe, not leaving it too late, and Autism-informed education and support. Practical implications The authors produced an online learning module for social care staff in England on best practice in supporting autistic adults without learning disabilities with relationships and sexuality. Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge, there has been no other UK-based research published to date on the social care support needs of autistic adults without learning disabilities surrounding relationships, gender and sexuality.

Anti-stigmatizing: a collaborative autoethnography on recovery from depression

IntroductionDespite extensive research on clinical treatments for depression, there remains a significant gap in understanding of the lived experiences and recovery journeys of those with depression. This study sought to explore the recovery process through an “anti-stigmatizing” lens, emphasizing the cultural–psychological mechanisms at play and the importance of personal narratives in shaping the recovery trajectory.MethodsUsing a collaborative autoethnographic approach, this report focuses on the first author’s journey of depression recovery. This research methodology allows for an in-depth exploration of subjective experiences, with a specific emphasis on the interaction between societal stigma, personal identity, and mental-health challenges.ResultsIt is found that the depression-recovery experience can be divided into four stages from an anti-stigma perspective: (1) encountering the public stigma of emotions; (2) internalizing the stigma to a self-stigma; (3) “decriminalizing” the expected stigma of a “depressed” identity through diagnosis; and (4) being able to cope with and understanding the public stigma relating to depression when facing it again. Key factors that were found to contribute to recovery were self-awareness, community empowerment, and recognition and acceptance by close friends and family.DiscussionWe propose a reconceptualization of depression that incorporates a societal perspective on internalized stigma. Recovery from depression is not merely a medical process; it also pertains to how the patient frees themselves from public stigma. The results strongly indicate the need for a paradigm shift toward a more inclusive and empathetic approach to mental-health care, and we emphasize the importance of personal narratives in depression recovery.

The Power of Diversity and Inclusion in the Indian Tourism Industry: A Narrative-based Approach

This research examines the transformative power of diversity and inclusion (D&I) in shaping the future of the Indian tourism industry. As India’s rich array of cultures, religions, and ethnicities continues to attract global travelers, ensuring inclusive representation becomes the utmost. The industry’s growth centers on reflecting this lively diversity, moving beyond stereotypical portrayals, and embracing an assembly of narratives. This research proposes a new model for Indian tourism that celebrates these diverse experiences, developing a sense of connection among all visitors. By showcasing the many-sided beauty of India, this inclusive approach not only broadens market appeal but also promotes responsible and sustainable tourism practices. Furthermore, D&I holds significant economic potential by attracting a wider audience, fostering loyalty amongst domestic and international travelers, and ensuring the industry’s relevance in the global market. Eventually, this research stresses the necessity to shift towards a tourism model that celebrates the innate diversity of India, supporting inclusivity and contributing to a more equitable and prosperous future for the industry.

A Multistep In Silico Approach Identifies Potential Glioblastoma Drug Candidates via Inclusive Molecular Targeting of Glioblastoma Stem Cells.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the highest grade of glioma for which no effective therapy is currently available. Despite extensive research in diagnosis and therapy, there has been no significant improvement in GBM outcomes, with a median overall survival continuing at a dismal 15-18months. In recent times, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been identified as crucial drivers of treatment resistance and tumor recurrence, and GBM therapies targeting GSCs are expected to improve patient outcomes. We used a multistep in silico screening strategy to identify repurposed candidate drugs against selected therapeutic molecular targets in GBM with potential to concomitantly target GSCs. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through analysis of multiple GBM and GSC datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). For identification of target genes, we selected the genes with most significant effect on overall patient survival. The relative mRNA and protein expression of the selected genes in TCGA control versus GBM samples was also validated and their cancer dependency scores were assessed. Drugs targeting these genes and their corresponding proteins were identified from LINCS database using Connectivity Map (CMap) portal and by in silico molecular docking against each individual target using FDA-approved drug library from the DrugBank database, respectively. The molecules thus obtained were further evaluated for their ability to cross blood brain barrier (BBB) and their likelihood of resulting in drug resistance by acting as p-glycoprotein (p-Gp) substrates. The growth inhibitory effect of these final shortlisted compounds was examined on a panel of GBM cell lines and compared with temozolomide through the drug sensitivity EC50 values and AUC from the PRISM Repurposing Secondary Screen, and the IC50 values were obtained from GDSC portal. We identified RPA3, PSMA2, PSMC2, BLVRA, and HUS1 as molecular targets in GBM including GSCs with significant impact on patient survival. Our results show GSK-2126458/omipalisib, linifanib, drospirenone, eltrombopag, nilotinib, and PD198306 as candidate drugs which can be further evaluated for their anti-tumor potential against GBM. Through this work, we identified repurposed candidate therapeutics against GBM utilizing a GSC inclusive targeting approach, which demonstrated high in vitro efficacy and can prospectively evade drug resistance. These drugs have the potential to be developed as individual or combination therapy to improve GBM outcomes.

EXPRESS: Equity in Health and Humanitarian Logistics: a People-Centered Perspective

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are at the core of present-day health and humanitarian logistics. Aid organizations advocate inclusive people-centered approaches to ensure that affected communities receive appropriate aid in an effective and equitable way. Tensions and even conflicts can arise if affected communities perceive the distribution of aid as inequitable. These perceptions are driven by people’s so-called distributional preferences. These preferences are shaped by culture, social bonds, and experiences, and they describe how an individual’s well-being and behavior are impacted by potential inequalities. Their importance is increasingly recognized by aid organizations, but research on equity in health and humanitarian logistics remains focused on equal access and prioritizing needs. Using current examples from the Syrian and Rohingya refugee crises, we show the importance of recognizing and managing distributional preferences. Based on these examples and in line with DEI principles, we discuss several ways that we, as the operations community, can help conceptualize inclusive and people-centered approaches that account for distributional preferences.

Linking education and practice gaps for inclusive architecture in the AEC industry

PurposeThis study explores the opportunities for a gender-inclusive architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, focussing on the gap between architectural education and practice. This study focusses on three research questions: (1) What factors influence women architects' career retention and advancement in the AEC industry? How can practice outcomes be linked with educational approaches for gender inclusion in the AEC industry? (3) What critical factors can enable structural changes in architecture education, including AEC-related subjects and practice/career pathways towards gender equity?Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a systematic literature review (SLR). The established timeframe for selecting papers in this study considered the last 20 years, as various seminal studies in feminism and gender inclusion in architecture emerged in the early 2000s through the definition of keywords used in two prestigious databases. The academic articles selected were filtered through a process of inclusion and exclusion, following criteria for suitability and relevance using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) diagram.FindingsThis study revealed key trends in the literature review consistent with the research questions, including (1) the disproportionate struggles women face at individual, interpersonal and organisational levels and the gender-based bias from entry and progression in the AEC industry that also requires multi-level interventions; (2) traditional architecture education affects female students and educators who find networking, social capital and leadership opportunities to challenge gender-based stereotypes and promote workplace equity, and finally, (3) observe enablers for fostering equity in architecture and education, which should not be limited to policy-driven interventions but structural transformations through transparency, mentorship, leadership, awareness raising and empowerment of women and men, promoting inclusivity and gender equity in the AEC industry.Research limitations/implicationsThis study considers a global understanding of gender equity in the AEC industry, regional and country-specific analysis needs to be considered in future studies. The study's focus is on women’s inclusion, acknowledging the limitations of conventional binary gender concepts; future studies need to include the experiences of LGBTI + communities and other underrepresented groups. The literature review considers only academic articles; future research should also consider industry reports, government initiatives and organisational documents for a broader understanding of diversity efforts in business.Originality/valueThis paper observes the issues for gender-inclusive architecture within the context of a male-dominant AEC industry through linking architectural education and practice. Studies rarely focus on this link and address workplace issues. This study highlights this link and extends the discussion through the critical literature review, providing a new ground for geographic-specific or intersectional studies.

Donor memorialization practices at religious institutions in the United States.

Many institutions worldwide honor the gift of human body donors through memorial services, ceremonies, and various other means, such as guided reflection or art activities. Memorial services can vary when it comes to the name, who is involved in the planning, and who may attend. Within the United States, the role of religion in the planning and delivery of these ceremonies at religious institutions has yet to be actively explored. This study aimed to collect information about human body donor memorialization practices at religious institutions in the United States to help guide further suggestions for enhancing inclusivity in these practices. This study utilized a voluntary survey that was distributed to anatomy educators and human body donor programs to complete if they were from a religious institution that utilized human body donors. Based on the data collected in this study (n = 39), most religious institutions have some form of donor memorialization practices, which may or may not include a formal memorial service. In these practices described by survey participants, religion was commonly represented using an interfaith approach, in which campus ministry often assisted in planning and facilitating the memorialization. Those with masses/services refer to them by different names, and most occur in a religious-specific place on campus. In conclusion, among survey participants at religious institutions that utilize and memorialize human body donors, most take an inclusive interfaith approach to their memorialization practices, as this can be more representative of the body donors and students who learn from them.

Advancing Inclusivity in Biomechanical Engineering Research.

The ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering presents a Special Section dedicated to promoting inclusivity within the field of biomechanical engineering. This collection showcases diverse research articles and reviews that emphasize the importance of considering different backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives in biomechanics research. By amplifying underrepresented voices and broadening perspectives, this collection advances our understanding of biomechanical principles and fosters a more inclusive and equitable approach to research and development in engineering for human health.

Aging Well Together: Promoting Brain Health for Aging Individuals with IDD and Their Families

Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have been historically excluded from participating in aging-focused research, continue to experience barriers accessing appropriate health care, and encounter distinct challenges as they age compared to people without IDD. These challenges and their effects often extend to their immediate support system, including family caregivers, including parents, siblings, and other kin. Family caregivers, often in the role of 'perpetual caregivers,' can struggle to support aging adults with IDD as they also concurrently experience the effects of their own aging, potentially hindering their ability to provide lifelong care. As parents age, the burden of care may shift to others within this support network such as siblings who, due to various constraints (e.g., geographic location, personal obligations, and financial restrictions) can also experience challenging caregiving responsibilities. Research on the mental health of family caregivers has predominantly focused either on the impact of caregiving among parents of people with IDD (and to a lesser extent on siblings) or on late-life caregivers of aging adults without IDD. This leaves a significant gap in understanding how to support caregivers during mid-late adulthood as their family member with IDD ages or as they themselves undergo age-related changes.    
 In this paper, we provide a brief overview of research on family caregiving of older adults with IDD, followed by a description of a national effort, The Brain Health-IDD initiative. This initiative aims to develop strategies that will support the promotion of brain health in aging adults with IDD and their family caregivers. As part of this effort, family caregivers, both siblings and parents of adults with IDD are working together with researchers and clinicians to co-design, co-deliver and evaluate a virtual education program for families.  
  The paper concludes by reflecting on the program's importance from the perspective of sibling and parent caregivers. This inclusive approach emphasizes the broader responsibility of supporting families navigating the challenges of disability and aging in mid-late adulthood, highlighting the need for support and awareness across all levels of care.    
  

Development of a Local Government Service Delivery Framework in Zambia: A Case of the Lusaka City Council, Ndola City Council and Kafue Town Council Roads and Storm Drain Department

The main aim of this study was to establish a framework to improve the service delivery on the maintenance of roads and storm drains in Lusaka by establishing the factors that impact the quality of service delivery and how these can be implemented by the Roads and Storm Drain Department on maintenance. The study included data collection and analysis of two additional councils such as Ndola City Council and Kafue Town Council to further substantiate the findings. The study considered four factors which included service quality as the dependent variable; and financing factors, administrative factors and institutional capacity as independent variables. The study made use of secondary data which was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and followed a mixed methods research design. Data analysis was done using descriptive analysis and mean and standard deviation analysis for quantitative data alongside qualitative data analysis. In order to ensure an inclusive approach to improve the timely provision of road and storm drain maintenance in the bid to ensure improved service delivery, the study argues that first and foremost, stakeholder engagement should be prioritized. Matters should be considered on merit and based on urgency. The study further notes that locality and having the right logistics in terms of equipment and manpower available so the timeliness is a constrained factor. However, this can only be achieved given the adoption of a deliberate systematic and approved framework on roads and storm drain maintenance. The study further outlines that the framework should ensure to avoid tedious processes but should ensure to maintain high integrity of the processes through transparency and accountability. The study further finds that there is need for a clearly defined source of funding for matters relevant to road and storm drain maintenance, having a dedicated fund and should further have an emergency fund available solely for the purposes of roads and storm drain maintenance.

‘Adopt your city’: Post-political geographies and politics of urban philanthropy during austerity

Over the last decade, urban philanthropic giving has acquired an increased significance for cities, shaping urban agendas and affecting local decision-making. Contributing to the emerging geographical literature on the impact of philanthropy on urban governance as well as to scholarship on post-foundational geographies, I argue that urban philanthropic giving is related to a post-political regime of multi-stakeholder urban governance. Contrary to being a linear process of managerial consensus politics, the post-politicisation of urban governance emerges as a multidimensional and variegated process of mutations and adaptations. Drawing from Athens, Greece, in the austerity period, I trace the emergence of a new donor-based philanthrocapitalist regime of urban governance and I demonstrate that post-political governance can take diverse forms: from the well-described in existing literature inclusive partnership-based approach to more authoritarian consensus-based governance processes. The aim of the paper is not just to answer if philanthrocapitalism gives rise to a post-political condition or not, but to explore how it is making and remaking (post-political) urban governance of public spaces, urban politics and urban everyday life. In doing so, the paper focuses on Athens Partnership, an intermediate governance organisation that was established to manage and support donations from the private sector to local governments in Athens and explores the ways urban philanthropy impacts on urban governance. Overall, the paper brings forward a renewed, more enmeshed understanding of post-political urban governance through an analysis of the novel philanthrocapitalist regime that emerged in European cities in the context of the recent intersecting crises.

Pesantren Resistance to Indonesia's National Curriculum to Defend Its Curriculum Model

Purpose: This article explores the challenges faced by pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in Indonesia in reconciling the national curriculum with their traditional religious education while preserving their identity.   Methods: The research employed a qualitative approach, utilizing multiple case studies conducted in two pesantren in Indonesia. The study involved observations, interviews, and documentation collected from January to December 2023.   Result and Conclusion: The findings reveal a contestation between the national curriculum and the curriculum offered by pesantren. While many pesantren have integrated formal education, they exhibit resistance by focusing on Islamic teachings and values. Pesantren often modify the national curriculum to align with their religious identity. This study underscores the complexity of integrating formal education with pesantren's values and emphasizes the necessity of an inclusive approach from the government to ensure the relevance of education. Furthermore, it highlights pesantren's resistance to the dominance of the national curriculum, reflecting tensions between the government's modernization agenda and the traditional values upheld by pesantren.   Research Implications: This research contributes to understanding the dynamics between formal education and traditional Islamic education within Indonesia's pesantren context. It sheds light on the challenges pesantren face in maintaining their identity while conforming to national educational standards. The findings have implications for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders involved in shaping the educational landscape of Indonesia.   Originality/ Value: This study offers original insights into the interaction between the national curriculum and pesantren's curriculum, which have not been extensively explored in existing literature. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of educational dynamics in Indonesia by examining pesantren's responses to government policies and state control. Additionally, it underscores the significance of preserving the unique identity of pesantren amidst efforts to modernize the educational system.

Navigating Media Regulation in Islamic Societies: Challenges, and Ethical Considerations

This empirical paper investigates the regulatory challenges and strategies for enhancing media content production in Islamic societies. The Introduction outlines the importance of media regulation within cultural and religious contexts, emphasizing the need for balanced approaches that uphold freedom of expression while respecting societal values. The Method section discusses the methodologies employed to analyze current regulatory frameworks, including legal reviews, stakeholder interviews, and comparative analysis. Results indicate various challenges, including legal restrictions, technological disruptions, and cultural sensitivities, necessitating collaborative approaches and innovative solutions. The Discussion explores recommendations for future regulatory initiatives, such as embracing digital transformation, strengthening legal protections, promoting media literacy, and fostering cross-cultural dialogue. Overall, this study highlights the complexity of media regulation in Islamic societies and underscores the importance of adaptive and inclusive approaches to address evolving challenges while upholding ethical and cultural values.

A Study on Agricultural Loans offered by NABARD to Farmers

This study delves into the comprehensive landscape of agricultural loans disbursed by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) to farmers in India. The research scrutinizes the varied purposes for which these loans are extended, encompassing crop cultivation, animal husbandry, dairy farming, poultry, fisheries, and agro-processing. Emphasizing the different loan types – short-term, medium-term, and long-term – the investigation explores the interest rates associated with each category and evaluates the role of government subsidies in enhancing affordability. Additionally, the study investigates the credit delivery mechanism facilitated by NABARD through cooperative banks, regional rural banks, and commercial banks, ensuring an inclusive approach to reach farmers across diverse strata. The research underscores the technological impetus provided by NABARD, encouraging farmers to adopt modern agricultural practices and technologies. Special attention is given to risk mitigation measures, including crop insurance, designed to shield farmers from losses arising due to unforeseen circumstances. Keywords: NABARD, Agricultural Loans, Farmer Financing, Credit Delivery, Government Subsidies, Rural Development, Risk Mitigation, Financial Inclusion, Technological Adoption, Indian Agriculture.

Inclusive Approaches in Italian Early Childhood Education and Care: The View of Practitioners

This study presents the Italian practitioners’ perspective on the inclusion of children with disabilities in ECEC. Historically, Italy had a split system (0–3 and 3–6 divisions); only recently was the ZeroSix Integrated System established. Seven 0–3-division educators and seven 3–6-division teachers were interviewed. Their responses were analysed through a deductive content analysis, based on the eight dimensions of inclusion proposed by the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education (2017). The themes which were mainly mentioned as crucial for promoting inclusion were a child-centred approach; inclusive teaching and learning environment; inclusive social environment; and family-friendly environment. These same dimensions were also said to be challenging, together with the implementation of materials for all children. The strengths and weaknesses in inclusive processes partly differed between the two divisions. This study enriches the literature investigating how practitioners implement inclusive practices in ECEC, also analysing the differences between the 0–3 and the 3–6 divisions.

RETHINKING THE SERVICESCAPES OF NEW GENERATION BANKS: EVIDENCE FROM TÜRKIYE

Retail banking is evolving from functional touchpoints to experiential touchpoints. The role, purpose, size & format, location and density in retail banking is changing especially with the effect of pandemic and changing consumer expectations. The primary aim of the study is to explore the new role and concept of servicescapes in retail banking with an inclusive and participatory approach. The secondary aim is to find out the ideal servicescape dimensions of a retail banking branch and reposition them. Türkiye İş Bankası (TİB), is the chosen brand due to its dedication to establishing a unique identity through the ages. The data is collected through in-depth interviews with 28 employees and 20 customers. Subsequently, idea-generation workshops and branding sessions were conducted. Finally, customer journey mapping for three target profiles were created. The findings demonstrate the proposed modular approach's flexibility and scalability, enabling customization for various locations, sizes and formats. This ensures a consistent and ideal spatial experience across different branches.

Impact of Retrofitting Strategies for Sustainability of Building

In response to the urgent need for sustainability, the modernization of existing buildings has become a key strategy to improve the environmental protection of the built environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the multifaceted impact of modernization strategies on enhancing sustainability through a comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature. Combining empirical findings and theoretical insights, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the environmental, economic and social impacts associated with modernization. The study begins by identifying the general goals and motivations that drive modernization efforts, including the need to reduce carbon emissions, optimize resource use and promote resilience in the face of climate change. Next, the study explores the various renovation methods and technologies available, from energy-efficient renovations to passive design strategies and renewable energy integration. Through a systematic review of empirical studies and case studies, the effectiveness of these measures in mitigating environmental impacts, improving user comfort and achieving long-term cost savings is identified. In addition, the research seeks to unravel the complex interaction between modernization strategies and broader socio-economic dynamics, including equity, affordability and community engagement. Critically assessing the impact of the proliferation of renovation projects, the research aims to identify potential barriers to equal access and participation, thus promoting inclusive and inclusive approaches to sustainable building development. In conclusion, this study contributes to the evolving debate on sustainable building practices by providing nuanced insights into the opportunities and challenges of renovation strategies. By synthesizing existing knowledge and highlighting critical gaps in understanding, research aims to inform policy. actors, actors and stakeholders in the field of the built environment, facilitating evidence-based decision-making and promoting the transition to a more sustainable built environment.

Please ''bridge'' the Gap! Conceptualizing ''Practicality'' as a Field of Inquiry

Entrepreneurship research as a field is going through a transformational phase along its growth trajectory, with its practical relevance being put under the spotlight, triggered by the rapid changes in markets and the external environment. While it originated as a practice-based field a few decades ago, it has grown distant from real life in recent years due to several factors. Extant literature on the research-practice gap has been rather prescriptive or focused on one part of the problem only. This led to scholarly calls for more theory-building and inclusive approach in addressing it. This note proposes a processual model to theorize practicality as a field of inquiry. The model is formed of four phases that reflect the normative process of scientific research and highlight the shared responsibility of academia and industry. The antecedents of each phase are discussed and potential measures to resolve them are proposed, guided by literature and real-life examples.